A Veteran's Guide to Climbing in Ranked (The Rage-Free method)
I climbed from Bronze III to Silver III in S3 & Pre-S4 with this mentality, and Silver III to Gold III (unfortunately dropped back into Gold IV but don't even get me started on that topic though because I was 1 game off promos that probably would have let me skip Gold II before I went on a losing streak) in S4 & Pre-S5.
Early Game My simple recipe for wins is Win Lane (or if you can't win lane stay even until mid and/or jungle can win it for you), Take Bot Tower, Take Dragon, Back 'n' Buy, Siege Mid. Pretty simple way to snowball a game in ~5 minutes of solid coordination.
Mid Game Here you either want to 1-3-1 Split-Push (Top - Mid, Jungle & Support - AD Carry) where the AD Carry freeze-farms bot lane then shoves it by killing ONLY THE RANGED & CANNON MINIONS of the next incoming wave then rejoins the team and heavily pressures mid/a neutral objective while your Top lane continues to pressure top and your minions start to form a giant wave in the bottom lane which someone will have to deal with or they will take a tower; or 1-4 Split-Push where your Top Lane pressures Top Hard - ward the enemy top-side jungle heavily and pick off anybody who tries to deal with your top laner then pressure objectives with a numbers advantage.
Late Game Depending on the power curve of your team comp, you may have won by this point. If you have not, play as you would in the Mid Game but understand that errors will have far more dire consequences as death timers increase and players have more damage that they can take towers and major objectives with.