Start Crystalline Flask 3 HP Potions, rush Phage or (ideally) Sheen. Put a point in (E) Counter Strike at Level 1, use it only defensive, wait for level 2 (where you level either Q or W, doesn't matter too much) or 3 to engage on him, and make sure his 3rd Q proc is not available during an engage. Save your ward for Leap Strike in case of a jungler or if you're getting all-in'd after losing trades (which should not happen provided you get Counter Strike off properly).
Yasuo is actually one of Jax's easiest toplane matchups, you straight up lost in a matchup where Jax is a solid counterpick (which goes to show that counterpicks mean almost nothing if you are (1) not good at the champion and/or (2) the other person is skilled at their respective champion by comparison). Most likely he was able to avoid your E entirely, out-CS and trade you without counterplay, and you are most likely not an experienced Jax nor a better player than this Diamond Yasuo, so it made it a relative cake-walk for him to abuse you.
In order to outplay Yasuo properly, you have to focus on where the minion wave is, and when and where he will most likely use E to make an escape and trade. If the wave is clumped together, it's more difficult for him to get favorable trades or scraps, whereas if they're spread out in a line, it's simple for him to dash up to you, Q + auto, and then E away for free.