I reckon magewick there probably has the primary reason to it.
Another contributing factor though (that's probably more confirmation bias than to do with the actual matchmaking), is that people tend to put more stock than they should into 3rd party mmr estimates/ranks. If you're at a gold mmr, and you see a silver 4 in your game, people tend to assume that's riot giving them relative trash to carry, and not a silver 4 that actually themselves has a gold mmr (or at least high silver). Occasionally people will go a step further, and look them up and check the silver 4's MMR according to some third party. If the silver 4 has silver 4 mmr according to those sources, then people tend to freak out and see it as evidence that yes, the system is working against them.
Theres two reasonable explanations for such a player to end up in a gold mmr game. The first is that they actually do have an approximately gold mmr, and the third party is simply wrong. The other is that they're duo'd with someone, and that other someone has a high gold or even plat mmr to counter balance things such that the duo is on average gold mmr. Since ranks don't always correlate with mmr, that high mmr player may not even be obvious at first glance, so people won't realise and only see the bad.
People also are quicker to look up people in losing games and be all "Aha, see, he was low rank, of course that's why he lost", when even fair skill match ups lose sometimes (50% of the time in theory), and not notice when the low rank players win, which contributes even more to people feeling that their theories about the system working against them being confirmed.