Well there are a few ways to look at this:
A. Are you a support main?
If you're a support main you'll probably spend more time dying for your team's mistakes than any other role-- and that's ok! Sometimes...
By blocking that Caitlyn ult for your ADC with a 1k gold bounty or even blocking the Caitlyn ult for your 0/3/0 ADC you're accomplishing 2 important things:
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If they have a bounty you are denying the enemy the extra resources killing that ally would've provided
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Supports don't need to CS! If your ADC is alive because you died to save them, and they can soak up XP/farm waves, or even just back to get back to lane faster it's usually totally worth it-- the later in the game it is the more relevant this is, especially when death timers start reaching upwards of 30 and 40 seconds.
Of course the caveat here is that you shouldn't be yeeting yourself into the enemy team to 'save' allies. By which I mean basically just throwing away your summoner spells or life for basically no reason. Sometimes if a carry is in a bad position it can also be worth to run at the enemy team as a sort of distraction if you think it'll allow them enough time to get out. Identifying which situation is which comes with time/experience/game knowledge.
TLDR; Dying to save an important teammate? probably worth! Dying unnecessarily when there's no real threat? Probably not worth!
B.Are you not a support main?
Dying is still ok! Dying in League is typically inherently seen as a bad thing by the community-- but it's not always a bad thing!
There are a few situations in which dying is probably the best thing you can do:
- Trading one-for-one for another player if that player has a bounty, is a priority target, or if their death will provide your team with a significant advantage in the game can be very good.
To elaborate a bit: Usually if a player has a gold bounty on them and you do not (or yours is lower) the gains outweigh the costs in dying to ensure they are killed. If the enemy team has one particularly troublesome champion it can be worth to die to make sure they aren't around to participate in the fight-- especially if they're the only fed person on their team.
- Dying to secure/steal certain objectives. Baron and Elder Dragon can completely turn the tides of a game. If you're already on your back-foot just trying to survive and the enemy team calls for Baron, it's almost 100% worth to yeet yourself in and try to steal it-- best case scenario your team gets Baron, a chance to come back, and you deny the enemy Baron-- Worst case scenario you were probably going to lose anyway.
There are probably other situations where dying is worth, but It's 4AM here and I've already typed up a lot and want to prevent this from becoming a novel, lmao.
So some closing thoughts:
-Minimizing your deaths is usually ideal, dying too much is bad as it provides the enemy team with a number of advantages.
-Dying isn't always bad though, even if it feels bad. Not being greedy with your K/DA can win you the game sometimes.
-If you don't play ranked/don't want to play the game for the competitive aspect try not to sweat your deaths so much, just try to have fun, it's really no big deal.
Hope this is kinda helpful.
your kit is to die and deal massive damage all the while.