Last season was my first season I made gold, and I peaked at Gold 2. It took me several hundred games but once I got to around Gold 3 and 4 I felt like climbing was easier.
I was also using Maokai a lot in top and jungle and back then he was exceptionally strong.
This season I struggled early starting at Silver 4 but I got to gold at around 100 games, I am struggling at around Gold 4 and 5 atm. Currently maining Nasus again, and using Yorick or Darius as secondary picks if I get banned. Not as good with them as am with Nasus because I'm mostly a one trick.... =[
I strongly feel that it's not mostly luck, if you are worthy of climbing you will. The best thing I did to help me find my stride was to learn from my mistakes and improve, stop being toxic, and just acknowledge and accept the fact that some games are unwinnable and there is nothing you can do to turn the tide.
Learning from your mistakes, improving, keep toxicity to minimal and accept that you will lose sometimes and you will climb eventually. I was pretty toxic because I struggled this season, but I stopped and trying to regain my honor. Since I did that my winrate when from about 49 to 51% and I was actually on a 13 game winstreak in ranked recently simply because I didn't get toxic. Quite a few of those games my team was tilted af too, but I stayed in it did my best and my split-pushing madness and clutch TPs helped us get back into the game.
So... If you are worthy and you try hard you will climb. That's how I feel.