You can't.
When you are facing Adc's and Mages at Toplane, you simply rely on them having no idea what they are doing. Once, as a Ryze for example, you grasp onto your combos and stop headbutting QWE you simply can not lose vs any melee champion. Dorans shield is completely irrelevant in this meta (reaches cull levels of uselesness) because they have balanced it around you getting poked to low health and healing a extremely small portion of it back which to the current meta is useless since every single ranged pick can simply burst you on low health and as for runes, second wind aint gonna do crap, you are better off with getting bone plating so you won't get half healthed by one combo.
Some, who have no idea what the heck they are talking about, say "HuR dUr RuSh DeFeNcE". Alright, how the hell am I supposed to get any farm aka any gold (other than getting future's market) to get items?! When you get close to a farm wave you not only will get comboed without being able to trade but most likely will also get stuck in your own minions which will kill you.
All you can do in a melee vs ranged situation is to beg for your jungler to come. Personally when I am facing any such matchups I just say to my jungler "I will stay under tower, if you come and we kill him/her I can snowball, if you don't I lose" and then it is up to them but again, the meta is forcing junglers to play botside to get dragons which are game deciding so again, you can't blame the jungler for not ganking you.
All in all, you can't