All of the situations provided are assuming that the person laning against a Fiora is playing with the attitude "Oh well, it's Fiora, GG me" and doesn't move while farming, and when attacked, runs in a straight line towards their turret, hoping to outrun a Fiora. Yes, if someone walked straight up to a minion to kill it, with a vital facing Fiora, they're asking for it. When a vital appears, there are a few things that they can do:
A) Walk away from Fiora, to reset her passive and the side the vital appeared on.
B) Put said vital against a wall, making it near impossible to Q onto, as well as just regularly hitting it in general.
C) If a wall is not a viable option, position yourself respectively, due to the fact that apparently everyone assumes that these vitals are ridiculously powerful... so respect them.
D) Disregard it entirely mainly if it's on the exact opposite side of you than Fiora is. If you get close enough to a Fiora for her to Q through you, and proc a Vital on your back, you're doing something wrong.
Another thing to keep in mind, is that Fiora isn't going to just go in 100% of the time she procs a vital. You're a darius? Pull her in as she comes in, negating the Q, or just pulling her directly afterwards, bringing her close to you. AA for passive stacks, slow her, do w/e as long as you stay wary of her W. Chances are, if all the Fiora wanted to do was get some poke while laning, she's gonna try to back off, at which point a Darius would have easily won the trade. Obviously I picked a specific champion's kit for this example, but the concept stands. When she goes in, HIT HER IN THE FUCKING FACE, as long as you are wary of her W countering hard CC.
I never said you could outrun a Fiora either. You don't need to outrun her if you position well, or trade back. When you start running, you stop dealing damage, and thus making it easier for her to finish the kill. Her vitals are random, so it's not like she can consistently move to the correct side every time to get an ms buff. If for whatever reason you do need to run, don't run through a goddamn minion wave. If she Q's after you, and she's not in Q range to hit you, chances are, she'll get the cooldown reset by hitting the minion wave with it. If you run away through the jungle and she's not in Q range, she has to wait nearly twice as long before she can attempt to gapclose again.
I'm not saying Fiora is a bad champion, I'll be the first to admit that she's a relatively strong champion, that fits in the meta decently, along with being a strong duelist. What I am saying, is that she is not "broken", "overpowered", or "lacking counterplay". There are tons of easy ways to play around her in lane, and in teamfights.
A) When in lane, pay attention to the vitals as much as she is. If you have a vital that's really easy to hit for her, back off until it resets, or manually reset it by moving far enough away from Fiora. (I'm not entirely sure on when a vital despawns manually, but it has something to do with whether or not Fiora and her opponent see each other).
B) When looking to all-in, or even just trade, play around her W. Fiora's relatively squishy, and if you have a massively telegraphed hard CC or nuke, Fiora's W is a hard counter to it. Darius ult, or Sion ult for example.
C) Early on, although proccing vitals does heal her for about 20-50 health, she has very little sustain until she builds a vamp scepter for hydra, and even then it's still not all that much sustain. If you can output a lot of damage at once, thus dissuading her from prolonging the fight that results in a chase, you can easily bully her out of lane.
D) Her ult applies a debuff "Grand Challenge". Like all debuffs, it can be QSS'd or cleansed, removing the vitals from your body, and removing her MS buff she gets from being near the person she challenged,
E) In teamfights, treat her like an ADC. Get your tanks and support to peel for you, and once she uses her W, she's as good as dead, unless all 5 members of your team used all of their dmg/CC on her in the short instant that she W'd. If she doesn't target the adc when she goes in, but rather the tank, the adc better be shooting her in the face. It's not like she can W every auto attack that you pump out.
F) Going with the same theme of needing peel to deal with her MS, keep in mind her ult can time out. Delaying Fiora (Flashing away, over a wall, just generally increaasing the amount of time it takes to get to you) will help time out the ult, again, making you lose the vitals, and her the ms buff. Zhonyas helps with this pretty well, especially because once you're Zhonyas'd she's just kinda sitting in the middle of a teamfight waiting for her main opponent to come out of stasis.
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Should be able to)
vs him, tryn has the problem that she can just kite him duering his ult.
