Comparing the gold values of the different rune shard stats
One point of AD is worth 35 gold, based off of
One point of AP is worth 21.75 gold, based off of
One extra % of attack speed is worth 25 gold, based off of
One point of armor is worth 20 gold, based off of
One point of magic resistance is worth 18 gold, based off of
One point of health is worth 2.6 gold, based off of 
Calculating the worth of an extra % of CDR is a bit harder because nothing gives you flat CDR. If you subtract the gold value of stats from an item that has CDR to find what's left over, you get wildly different answers based off of what item you use. In general,
is used to calculate the gold value of CDR, which comes out to 26.6 gold per 1% CDR.
Side note: 10 adaptive force gives you 6 ad OR 10 ap depending on if your champion is AD or AP.
#Offense
Adaptive power gives you a value of 210 gold for AD and 217.5 gold for AP.
Attack speed gives you a value of 225 gold.
CDR gives you a value of 266 gold at level 18 and 26.6 gold at level 1.
#Flex
Adaptive power gives you a value of 210 gold for AD and 217.5 gold for AP.
Armor gives you a value of 100 gold.
Magic resistance gives you a value of 108 gold.
#Defense
Armor gives you a value of 100 gold.
Magic resistance gives you a value of 108 gold.
Health gives you 234 gold at level 18 and 39 gold at level 1.
#What does this mean?
Not a lot really. No matter which runes you take, the overall gold value of the stats is going to be pretty even. The only outliers are health and CDR, but the advantage only starts to show after about level 10 or so. It is far and away better to take armor/MR over health and Adapative force/attack speed over CDR.
It is aggravating though that you're essentially throwing 100g of stats away when you choose to take defensive stats instead of offensive ones in the flex line.
gives 5% cdr