If Zoe manages to actually one shot you with just her Q, it's because she's ridiculously ahead and you aren't itemizing against her.
More than likely, what actually happens is Zoe either hits you with her sleep trap, which increases her damage and is much easier to dodge than her Q, so you had more of a chance to get away than you think, or she Q'd and then ulted to extend her range. In either case, she is not deleting you with "one skill".
Zoe, as a true burst mage, should be pushing other less bursty mages to itemize properly. Mages have never been forced to build correctly, they've always gotten away with building as glass cannons because they all had relatively the same power level, range, and patterns as one another.
If you're playing a champion like Lux, Ziggs, Viktor, anyone who isn't Veigar or Syndra, basically, you have more damage than Zoe in the long run, so you should be building to take advantage of that. And that involves, GASP! NOT building AP on every single item. I know, it's amazing, but as it turns out, your cooldowns and your base damage are generally enough, and having all the ratios in the world doesn't help your team if you die instantly.
Zoe can kill you in the first two seconds. Okay. But after those first two seconds, she's relatively weak. Okay. So then what you should be doing is building to survive the first two seconds and then out rotating her for the rest of the fight. That involves items like
,
,
or
. Because, you will not win a fight against Zoe if you build glass cannon against her glass cannon.
Stack some health. Forgo some AP. Make some fucking trade offs in your build like everyone else does, and voila, suddenly her burst is less relevant than your DPS.