Thats easy to fix
improve the base shield value to something like 75 but make it flat and non scaling
that way there is an early shield to use, then make it 30 seconds at all ranks again for cooldown to further make it more useful early
Most beefy champs and the actual intended users start building hp right away
They usually get items like
on their first or second back
Adjust bonus hp scaling accordingly
Sure it might be weaker early but can be compensated with a stronger late game shield, this can be done in 2 ways, reduce lategame cooldown or amp up the % scaling or a bit of both
most beefy champs end up with about 3,5 to 4,5 k health now of which roughly average 2k bonus health if the scaling where doubled to 10% of bonus health it would be about as strong as it is now
Alternatively it could be 5% bonus health with a lowered cooldown like 15 seconds
there is still a third balance lever left, the shields duration but 4 seconds might be best.
If you are worried about champs like sion abusing it since almost all his hp is bonus health, don't be, it's not as good on Sion as it is on a lot of other tanks due to his success case being that he would simply apply too much cc for the shield to be effective, if you stun just 1 man with your cc you kinda fucked up, although sometimes you need to peel that 1 guy off your adc, and if you do hit multiple people the shield is useless since they can't hit it when they are stunned, this goes for all aoe cc tanks with decently lasting cc like zac and sejuani and sion.