It's all about positioning as Tahm. Don't stick directly next to teammates when fighting against that kind of comp in the lategame, but stay close enough to save them if a sticky situation occurs. You can avoid being combo'd by doing that.
Gangplank can also free himself of Yasuo's ult and murder his face. Bard can.. Well, he can cause anything but spellshields to go to waste with a well timed ult.
Concerning Rengar..
Jax, Fiora, Quinn, or Teemo can nullify a large amount if not all of his mega nuke ability queue as long as they react fast enough. Banshee's can block a Q proc, Pantheon's passive also blocks Rengar's Q nuke. The problem isn't Rengar as a champion but the Hydra exploit burst vs Squishy champions. To perform this nuke however, he trades most of his survivability in for damage.
Champions good vs the obnoxious mids and items good for dealing with the obnoxious midlaners in the lategame
Mikael's is one, let's you remove CC from and heal your ally (Can't cast while CC'd, but great on supports) Swain wrecks Ahri and Yas btw.
For some odd reason, people have stopped using Banshee's veil (That's one ability blocked and very possibly one life saved) in midlane. It's extremely useful against those "CC then murder your face champs"
Against all four of them togehter, Mikael's and Banshee's are the only recommendations. In most situations, one of these will save your life.
When against Ahri, Fizz, or those other AP bursters Banshee's is a must. That one ability blocked usually takes away a significant amount of damage.
Against Yasuo, Banshee's will protect you from the CC combo attempts.
This is one of the reasons more lane diversity is needed among lower tiers. I played AP Maokai against a Yasuo and bullied him hard. I could 1v1 him at any point of the game, even when he got a bunch of kills off teammates who didn't listen when I told them not to come to my lane.
Certain "Non-meta" picks (When played right) can actually bully certain members of the "OP" champions in lane.
Malzahar (AKA Space aids) can crap on all four of them when played right. Ryze just blows up Fizz, Ahri, Akali, and Yas too if windwall is down.
Maokai can lane against a Yas safely as AP Tree, as Yasuo's ability spam gives you a lot of healing.
Swain is extremely good against Ahri and goes toe to toe with Fizz, as long as he's played right.
Garen can be played mid to a reasonably successful degree (More so against burst oriented melees like Fizz, Akali, and Yas)