is a Vanguard Support, she's an tank that is really effect if you really need to kill that slippery champion.
is a Warden Support, he's an tank specialist in peeling against projectiles.
is a Warden Support, he's an tank specialist in peeling against single target cc
is a Vanguard/Warden Support. He also provides sustain.
is a Vanguard Support, he's an tank specialist in his Q & one of the only ones left that has AOE silence.
is a Vanguard Support, he's an tank that is specialist in cc. Despite he doesn't have the abilities to protect his carries from damage. His cc can form a zoning tool where you can carries can work arround. Making him somewhat viable as a Warden Support
is a Vanguard/Enchanter Support, he's a tank/enchanter specialist against heavy AD comps. But broken as he is now he works pretty much against anything.
is a Vanguard/Warden Support, she's a tank specialist in countering champions with dashes (note: blinks are not dashes).
is a Warden Support, he's a tank specialist in countering roaming.
is a Warden/Vanguard Support, he's a flexible tank specialist in supporting allies that lack the engage/disengage.
is a Vanguard/Disruptor Support, he's specialist in stealing the tank stats of an enemy.
As far mages goes (to lazy to go in detail with those):
Other:

For
, I suggest you start learning the concept of selfcasting (alt + E). This can help you a lot while trading in lane. You could learn the concept by playing a champion like
,
or
.