There will be some games that will be like this, and that's why the winrates of even the best players in the game only hover between 55% and 70%, depending on where they're placed at the beginning of the season. Some games are just going to be like that, and I have no doubt that this game is the root of this thread.
Once, I had a game where I was stuck in support before we had this fancy dual-role dynamic queue thing. My adc was Jinx, in my bronze 3 promos, and she had to be the worst bot lane player in all of league of legends. She seemed to purposely walk towards the enemy Morgana's bindings. She didn't get toxic, but she didn't even try to stay behind minions. Her cs was atrocious, and she would farm standing still. I mean, as lulu, I can shield you, peel for you, and get you out of many sticky situations, but when you refuse to go back to base at one bar of health, and the enemy engages on you, I can't exactly do much. I'm not Soraka; I can't ult and keep you from dying in one hit.
One time, I was Sion jungle; I power clear until level six for gank potential sometimes. I cleared my SECOND CAMP, and mid died to the enemy... Lux, I believe, and she said, "Wow, no follow up? I pinged." Yeah, I did too. I used the missing ping, because I think you lost your mind. It's like... 6 minutes into the game, and you're already feeding. That's like... a record. Then, naturally, I die due to a failed gank because mid won't shut the hell up and stop tilting the rest of his allies, and I get blamed for losing the game. Not the mid that died at level 2, not top who fed the enemy mid when he roamed, me.
These things happen in bronze. Just remember to not let them get to you. If they do, don't queue up again for a while. Maybe wait a few hours. Maybe a few days. Sometimes I go away for a week at a time, come back, and play leagues ahead (no pun intended) of what I was doing before.
I noticed you were playing top; perhaps, for a short while, you could consider picking up mid or ADC? I know it's a big undertaking to learn a role that you're not particularly good at, but when I was going jungle, top, or support, I found it very difficult to change the outcome of the game... at least, when I was playing a tank jungler.
Mid is a great role to carry with; you can easily help both top and bot if necessary, especially if you start to get out of control. My win rate in ranked didn't skyrocket per se when I picked up mid, but it was definitely an improvement. Getting fed as mid can also keep other lanes from getting fed, or even farmed; it's hard to CS when you died to a roaming mid laner.
Also, ADC is a good role to climb with as well; AD Carries generally have a huge influence on the game, and can single-handedly win things as long as your team functions as an adequate enough meat shield for you. ADC's are mostly in charge of taking objectives, since they deal more damage to structures than most other roles, with the exception of a Nasus top lane, or a fed Ekko using his roll and Lich Bane.
Jungle is a good role to carry with, but only if you can get the hang of it. If you are not a great jungler already, I would recommend skipping it because it's really complicated, and is much harder than most lane roles. Generally, you're also mostly at the mercy of the lanes because if you can't gank for them, you're kind of screwed. Some junglers like master yi can win games single handedly, but they are all going to be high-risk, high-reward, and generally will have more opportunities to fuck up with, so I recommend grabbing your best ADC or Mid and try to climb as high as you can with them. Take them in normals until you get the hang of them if you have to.
You can make it out of Bronze 5 if you don't belong there, and you seem relatively bright compared to some people I've seen in my Bronze 5 matches. You just need a good role and champion to carry with... at least until you get out of such an unreliable ELO. Bronze 1-silver 5 might be ok to resume playing what you want, but Bronze 5... needs a certain champion-role combination to be able to win consistently enough to climb out before the end of the season, let me tell you...XD