ADC's in general take down tanks late-game, contrary to popular belief is that the ADC can focus the tank in a teamfight as long as they are safe to do so. Since tanks tend to be on the frontline, they tend to be the first target of the ADC since they're the only ones within "safe" range of their aa. If the ADC tried to attack the backline without support, they would get cc'd by a mage or enemy support and be killed by a burst mage or assassin.
The point of the ADC destroying the tank in a teamfight is to remove the enemy team's safety and peel. Without a frontline, your burst can focus the adc (removing the enemy team's sustained damage), your tank can dive the enemy burst while you destroy them with your support protecting you.
Tanks want to be focused, making them too easy to ignore would remove the incentive to. They're not just cc bots, so they get a little bit of base damage. ADC's, on the other hand, have the tools available (LW, BORK and BORK is a bit stronger than Liandries when it comes to tank busting) to focus them properly. The key to teamfights is focusing priority targets for your role (wasting all your rotations as Zed on the enemy tank isn't as effective, but sometimes necessary. Priorities shift too!), protecting the ADC so they can destroy the enemy's tank, and positioning yourself so you're either soaking up damage (as a tank/bruiser) or dealing damage without taking as much (mage/ADC).
Vayne is the premier tank buster. Giving her that %hp true damage is like giving Irelia flat true damage, Vayne busts tanks even faster and Irelia bursts squishies even faster. Is it healthy for their roles? Debatable. But the idea of a tank buster isn't bad design, at least imo.