It's always funny when in a talk about juggernauts, the proponents list Udyr, Olaf, Shyvanna, and other bruisers, that are not juggernauts. They are the class of fighters who can be more defensive than divers. What they are not is a sub-subclass of juggernauts
Nope, they are juggernauts. Riot has said so before.
Udyr was even considered for the JUGGERNAUT CLASS UPDATE.
The only two juggernauts you listed as having ways to force extended fights, Garen and Nasus, have half as much ability to force extended trades as Darius does. And as we already discussed, their lack of a second form of cc is exactly why Nasus and Garen aren't seen in high level play. Heck, saying Garen comes close is a long-shot, since the silence only effects certain matchups and he's slowed if he hits minions during his Q.
No, wither is much more effective for sticking power. It also has an atk speed slow, which is huge for trading. Garen is lacking in general.
The reason they don't see high lvl play isn't because they lack cc, it's because they're both extremely binary. In high elo, you're limited more by the champ than the player skill, as everyone is around the same skill level. Champs like Garen or Nasus are worse there. So is Darius, but Darius is harder to play, and has a higher skill ceiling than those two, so he sees more play.
The only tradeoff added in Darius' kit was the addition of a cast time for his Q, which was only added to offset the heal.
Please actually look up the rework
Darius is a lane bully, but where other lane bullies trade a moderately higher strength in lane in exchange for a falling point mid-late, Darius instead trades complete melee dominance for a falling point that occurs long after average game time. Darius is in fact not worse off late than other lane bullies.
Darius has less bulllying potential than some bullies, but falls off less hard. It's a more evened out power-curve.
You have the extreme bullies:
Then you have the moderate bullies:

His lategame isn't as good as you make it out to be.
It's not good, but it's not bad. His bullying isn't that good, but it's not that bad. His E range really isn't that bad. You can play safe vs him more easily than you could vs most bullies.
He does have in-game weaknesses, kitability, and being the most general of the juggernauts.
And grevious wounds. Those things shut him down hard, but no one ever does that. Instead, they stupidly get Giant Slayer.
Just treat him as you would any juggernaut.