actually adaptive helmet reduces ANY Magic damage ticks from same spells within those 4 seconds. those include the 2nd tick from anivia Q, every tick from anivia R, singeds Poison, syndra's ult, ziggs' minefield, Xerath's ultimate, kassadin ultimate, velkoz W and ultimate (the Magic damage parts that is) galio's Q Tornado, diana's passive, R dashes and W orbs, akali ultimate dashes, Katarina daggers and ultimate and so the fking on. even average damage sources like gromp damage, and even itemspecific damage like the onhit from rageblade.
the item reduces all oncoming damage from the same source, not just the same spell. means if you spamm that one same spell again and again it's damage gets greatly reduced with time, but that does not affect other spells, and it does affect other sources entirely.
it just feels specific because people don't usually blast out all their spells as much as they can due to mana issues. but it's use ranges into EVERY ap champion and every ap based form of damage that can be applied multiple times within a short window of time.
that's my results from practice tool and Research mixed with a bit wishful thinking.