I speak American so dont try any of that funny English.
Armor Penetration negates some % of your enemies Armor.
Magic Penetration negates some % of your enemies Magic Resistance(MR).
Scaling runes give you stronger potential at level 18 but are a disadvantage at level 1.
If you're just starting out I would suggest picking a champ-TYPE (like attack speed, or mage, or attack damage) and then building a set of starter-runes (for example: +3.5 hp) of your TYPE, then buying a few champions of that TYPE.
like, if you wanted to attack people really fast you would buy attackspeed runes then buy champions like olaf, warwick, & ashe.
runes are the most expensive part of the game so when you're starting out it's a good idea to have one or two sets of runes and unlock a handful of champions that benefit from those runes so you can learn different positions & basic strategy without having to worry about building the perfect runeset.