Lb and shaco: can't really do much about these 2 on your own.
If they go for you, you just stay out of their range and force them to focus someone else or make them over extended while your team kills them.
Rely on your team to peel for you, if you are the carry they will focus you so as long as you can bait them into your team you don't even need to hit them and you can still be the one to kill them without even getting an assist, granted this is hard to do it's in my opinion very effective it just requires a lot of knowledge on how to play the other champions.
Yasuo and shyvana: you're jinx...
Dodge, kite, put down your chompers.
The only issue is the windwall because it forces you out of position if you want to continue dealing damage.
Caitlyn: shouldn't be an issue until you've dealt with the other 4 and when you have dealt with them, shouldn't be an issue, adc fights are pretty straight forward.
If you somehow do have to deal with her before the other 4 one of you two are really out of position.
If that's you then you most likely threw the teamfight and that's your own fault, you deserved what happened and better luck next time :).
If it's Caitlyn that's out of position just kill her with your team, she shouldn't live longer than half a second and if she does you can probably blame that on your teammates, though there's no point in actually harassing them about it.
I'm not sure what elo you're in/ how good you are but that's about what you should do in an equal 5vs5 team fight.
Low elo teamfights are messy and unreliable so don't worry too much about losing them and just focus on your mistakes. hardly anyone has decent positioning so take advantage of that because as an ADC positioning is SO important, if your team isn't afk during the team fight you can often kill LB/Shaco/Yasuo with positioning and baiting alone (probably wanna use your chompers against all their dashes tho :P).
There's also GA that can really take away their motivation to kill you :P but once you do stay around your team because if you get caught you just made that item useless for the next 5 minutes which is a waste of gold.
Personally not a fan of GA on ADC because I'm a carry and I have decent positioning, if they kill me I deserved it and I'm not willing to give up the damage in most of my games.
I hope this helps you, I'm kind of rambling on lol.
PS: back line=the ones that stay in the back (adc/control mages ect) not Shaco, Yasuo or LB :P.