Steps toward making solo queue barable
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Reward individual skill. EVERYONE looks at solo queue rank as how good YOU are as an individual player and your skill (and your skill ALONE) determine whether or not you'll rank up. However, there is literally zero stock put into an individual player's performance in any game. It's only win or loss, which is solely dependent on how good your TEAMMATES are compared to how good your enemies are. - - Nobody have ever won a 1v5. Winning 4v5's happen all the time though.
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Make an effort to not punish people who have disconnects on their team (not the disconnector, but the team). Put in a bot to do literally anything but not feed. Just have a presence in lane so the enemy team doesn't immediately think, "Oh, this ADC is alone in lane. Time to gank 37 times and turret dive them every time."
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Learn the difference between certain disconnects or failures. If your client crashes, that is not a fault of the player. They didn't abandon or dodge and thus should not be punished for it.
All these would help... but mostly number one.