Yes, a vast difference. Hell there is vast difference between a seasoned but low Bronze player and a Silver player. People from Gold-Challenger won't see a difference but a Silver player can definitely see it.
Examples from my experience include laning. Bronze players do not think about item advantages. A Bronze player typically continues trying to 1v1 in lane despite already feeding their opponent. Silver players dial it back a bit. Silver players generally lane better also. In Silver it's common to see one lane where someone continues feeding kills. This usually means a Bronze or new player has been matched with a Silver player. This would not happen with two equally skilled Silver players or two equally skilled Bronze players. These mismatches tend to decide a lot of games in Silver.
An even bigger difference is how Bronze players handle grouping/team fighting. They tend to just run into fights throwing every and anything indiscriminately and without regard for positioning, item and level advantages, vision or prioritizing high threat targets. An easy way to get out of lower Bronze or even Bronze on the whole is to pick a hyper carry(Kayle, Yi or any marksman), farm up and wait for team fights. They would just run into you and constantly let you slaughter their whole team. This stops working at around mid Silver 5 to Silver 4 and if your MMR is high, it can stop working as early as Bronze 2. The way Silver players handle grouping and team fighting is a vast ocean of difference from Bronze players.
But like I said, if you're anything above Gold, you probably won't notice these things. Everything below you would look the same.