I understand everyone has different experiences, here is mine.
I started playing pre-Gnar release(Season 4) I remember trying to get to 30 as fast as I could so that I could try to get gold (hahaha) before the season ended. I hit lv 30 with about 11 days or so(something short of 2 weeks) remaining in the season. Well needless to say I did not make gold my first season.
I placed Silver 4, I finished silver 4. 11 days no movement. Season 5, I briefly was gold 5 (for about 5 games) I consistently stayed at Silver 2-3, would go on these tilt sprees of 20 or so losses and be right back where I started in season 4. Then an "event" happened. That changed the way I played the game. I got banned. for 2 weeks. I was in my gold promos, already lost a game mind you. We had a guy who refused to go adc, so when that was the only choice left ( I was playing Fiora top 2-0 in the first 3 minutes of the game) He auto locked Tahm Kench while 4th pick locked in Leona. (Face palm). I was instantly on tilt. Needless to say that we lost after the Tahm and Leona fed the enemy Vayne about 5 or 6 kills. I had also told the jungler to focus on mid and top(we were actually ahead even with a 5-0 Vayne.)
The jungler said that he wouldn't focus on winning lanes and that he needed to "save" bot lane. Tilt. More tilt. The first thing I learned as a primarily jungle main is that you don't gank a losing lane. Nightblue3 was who I learned from and this Volibear was not doing anything correctly. I get outplayed after a lane swap by this 5-0 vayne ( I knew I shouldn't have dived her under the tower but it happens) Tilt. I started to try to go mid and push and group. But bot lane wasn't about grouping, just never alive long enough too. I get reported after we lose horribly. I immediately get 2 weeks banned, 100+ chat restriction plus 30 games of ranked restriction. Basically max sentence outside of perm banned.
I created a second account ( mr versatility). A fresh start and I was immediately seeing a difference in just the teammates that I was getting. I hit ranked and placed in silver 2, after less than 100 games I was gold 4( where I am currently, I only own 2 rune pages and 20 champions compared to my other account which has over 100 champions and multiple runes and pages) Basically It was easy to get to gold by 1) I had to stop being toxic. 2) I shrunk down my champion pool significantly. 3. I didn't talk in game only used pings. With this new found Gold status I was like surely when I get off ban I can make it to Gold now, I did it once and I can do it again. I came back to find my account was silver 5(rank decay) it's still in silver(mostly due to me playing a lot of normals in the preseason trying to get better at lee sin) But next season I feel like I will be Gold on both accounts. My aim is for Plat, then the world after that. This will be my second full season. So no I do not know what it is like to be stuck, but I do know that I performing well but losing games because of "teammates". It sucks but it's life , if you are consistent you climb, if you are inconsistent you drown.
There might be something to take from this, I don't really know but I am sharing my story so that maybe it will help you get over the silver 2 hump(which I agree is the hardest silver division to climb out of)
My issue was using my time in game to flame or talk to teammates about things, when I learned to just ignore them, play my part, and shot call. I climbed and winning games easily. I still get toxic from time to time (usually when my pings are ignored and bad things happen to bad players) but it's a work in progress. A ping is worth a thousand words, but flame is worth less than the time it takes for you to write it.