Believe me when I say that each of those champions is balanced differently and that Yasuo isn't an outlier in any regard save perhaps for his skill ceiling. This was your TLDR, continue reading at your own risk.
Each of those points has its own caveat. In the case of Tryn, there's the matter of League's crit is actually being pseudorandom. A Yasuo critting 100% of the time (with the .9 penalty given by that same passive) has nearly the same DPS as a tryn with 85% crit, assuming equal stats. Their damage will differ by only 5%, ignoring Yasuo's Q, which loses effectiveness as he gains AD. And that's not even counting the IE bonus, which only gives Yasuo 225% damage instead of the full 250% tryn and everyone else gets.
Yi has absolutely zero ultility, and as such, most of his power budget is damage (he very reliably beats yasuo 1v1 in a straight up fight), which also why he doesn't see pro play. Jax's ramping damage is the price he pays for his hyperscaling DPS (he also outfights Yasuo). Fiora has the most modern kit and her's is, all things considered, actually quite healthy. Her damage is absolutely nuts, but it is conditional. I'll give you this one.
Here's the thing, all of these champions have basically the same 4 basic tools at their disposal. They have damage steroids, mobility, defensive abilities, and stickiness. The degree to which tool is emphasized in their kits varies. Yasuo's kit doesn't actually have damage that outstrips his peers, but instead he has more defensive tools and utility to keep him relevant when behind. Does he strictly need the passive shield? Not really, but his base stats are garbage and he wouldn't survive without it. He has defensive stats like a lux and his passive shield has both the longest non-ult cd out of any non-ult shield in the game and he doesn't even have full control over it. His damage steroids are forced to scale with his gold which keeps his early power in check so he can't all in you like a Tryn might. Moreover, his crit passive lets his build defensive items that don't normally fit into ADC builds, which he needs as a melee champ, since he has neither the stats of a front liner, the safety of a true marksman, or the ability to straight up ignore death like Kayle or Tryn. His mobility is very strong during laning phase and potentially nonexistent in other circumstances. Can you imagine Yasuo facing off against ranged champions without it though? There's a reason he has all those things in his kit.
(if you can manage to actually land shit) 
land stuff 
