Against full HP, build some MR. Abyssal Mask + Adaptive Helm + Mercury Treads are probably your best bet in most situations. Gargoyles Stoneplate is really good too if you can time it well, as it absorbs the bulk of most burst easily. Then build damage. Thornmail (or at least Bramble Vest), Wits End, Liandry's Torment are all good choices. You don't need as much defensive itemization against a full AP team. As long as you can survive the initial burst, you can survive the rest of the fight pretty easily, so you can spend more on offensive itemization.
I'm not sure what constitutes a "true damage" team, but the true damage champions I struggle against are:
Olaf: Run from Olaf. Assuming you don't have a massive gold / level lead, Olaf just eats you at pretty much all points of the game. You're never able to 1v1 him, so don't bother trying. In teamfights, you'll want to try to peel him off of your carry. While his ult is active all you can really do is stick close to mess with his pathing and try to eat some of his spells for your carry. If your carry is alive when it wears off, then your taunt / powerball / ult slow should pin him in place long enough to kill him.
Darius: You need Bramble to fight him. You'll never win a duel but he'll never catch you either. If your top laner has DPS you can kill him fairly easily. Otherwise, stay away as there's no winning there.
Vayne: Bad Vaynes are just like any other ADC. You roll in, taunt, and she dies. If it's a good Vayne, she'll condemn you every time, so you need to either roll in really fast to make yourself hard to click or flash on top of her, then taunt, and she dies. If she's smart she'll eventually have QSS, so when that happens you'll need to close the distance again after she uses it. Depending on the state of the game this simply may not be possible, so when she uses QSS and condemns you just walk away until powerball is back up and try again. Up until 20-25 minutes, or until she gets very fed, you can 1v1 Vayne. If her team is good at peeling though, you're going to have a tough time and you'll need to play defensively.