Probably because he is extremely unhealthy, and not fun to play AS OR against.
His laning phase: One of the highest base AD champions in the game also has extremely high in-built health and mana regen, empowered long range basic attacks with very low cooldowns, very high base magic damage and an in-built slow that also interrupts basic attacks. That's ONE spell that essentially defines his entire laning phase - there are perhaps three or four champions that can actually do anything against him in lane. It's almost impossible to push him out of lane, and likewise it is almost impossible to put him behind.
His general gameplay: build full tank. Outdamage every other champion in the game, often through basic attacks alone. To add to that, he has the second strongest silence in the game, a very long range knockup and an execute that often by the time laning phase ends can deal more than 1000 true damage.
Which brings us to the most obnoxious part - it doesnt matter if cho'gath is behind or not. There is literally nothing you can do to stop him from stacking and making his execute one-shot anything that isn't building full tank items. Nothing. Even if he goes 0/7 in lane he will still chomp down on minions or monsters and use that to one-shot a marksman, mid laner or jungler.
Cho'gath's core items make his gameplay extremely binary and predictable. This wouldn't be a problem - except for the fact that despite EVERYBODY knowing EXACTLY what he is going to do, there's still NOTHING you can do to stop it. He will literally just walk up to you and click one button to kill you. Even if you use multiple summoner spells you might not be able to get away - and if you are lucky enough to do, it still means you just had to give up your only means of escaping him without even getting to put up a fight. These escapes are now down for the next four-five minutes, while his chase begins again in roughly a minute.
This is the definition of unhealthy gameplay. You know what he is going to do - you can see it coming long before he even begins. But no matter what you do, you aren't going to be able to stop him or even fight back. There is no counterplay, other than "be fed". If you're not fed, then congratulations - you lost the match in champion select.
Bonus: Cho'gath guarantees you will lose every objective he ever attends. As his ult's BASE DAMAGE to non-champions BEGINS at 1000, he will ALWAYS do more damage than any smite. The only champion that can even contest him is Nunu.
Besides literally deleting one enemy champion from play forever, Cho'gath also removes any potential counterplay through his silence. You can't really basic attack him as marksmen are the only ones that can build the offensive items necessary without being 1-shotted by him or his teammates, and the silence disables any spells that might have been able to lock him down for a bit.
But that's just one side of the coin.
On the flip side, if Cho'gath is playing against one of the 5 champions that might actually be decent against him, there is nothing he can do. He is invalidated - he might as well have all his spells removed, because they're not going to have any effect anyways.
doesnt care about silences,
can even without items deal huge chunks of damage,
literally just stands there and right clicks you to death even if you flash on top of him,
will never drop below 90%, ever and
will just brainlessly right click you from far, far outside your reach. You cant damage them, you cant run away from them. All you can do is pray your teammates will save you.