I have been playing In Silver 5 for the longest time I first entered the league in Silver 4 and ave been demoted once I don't know what champion to play that work well at this low a level with no team coordination. I currently play Rengar top and jg. Anivia mid or Zed though I don't play him that much or that well it is rare. I play Ashe ADC and Soraka or Janna support.
I glanced at your match history, most of your loses come from Soraka and Rangar games.
I'd recommend playing more Janna, Leona, Sona, and Blitz in the support role since they are really good in solo que and have tons of cc. You can throw Thresh in there if you feel like you're good enough with him. Soraka is a heal bot with a silence (if you're lucky a stun).
Has for top, I'm not a good top but do enjoy playing it. Moakai, Hec, Wu, Cho' gath, and Gnar. All of these have really good engage and tanky (except Wu but I get 2 or 3 defensive items on him).
I'm learning Rengar in the jung myself, but I don't like the fact that he has one cc skill that's a skill shot and squishy. My primary junglers are Udyr, Hec, and Shyv. I also don't take stated on any of them because I feel too squishy and would rather help me team often instead of afk farm for 20 mins so I go with Cinderhulk and become another tank for the team with good damage. Also, note they have pretty decent engage.
I know I'm lower than you in rank, but I don't play ranked often. I do main support/ Jung and please at least at least think about picking up a few of the champs I mentioned.
Your best bet is to pick up Shyvana. She can be played as a tanky top laner that can win the lane by herself and use her teleport to the bot lane to help secure kills. She is also a strong (very strong) jungler with the Devourer into BotRK build path to really tear up the enemy team before going fully tanky. She does not require a ton of help from your allies, but they can benefit from the chaos you create by diving with your ultimate into an already engaged team-fight. I have even played Shyvana as a support before, maxing her E first, then using her ultimate and W to zone away the enemy from my ADC. Her passive already makes her tanky and that means you can get into the face of the ADC and their support to give your own ADC a break from their poke. Shyvana is an unconventional support pick, but since she requires very little gold to get tanky and be useful in teamfights, she's a great asset to the team without getting yourself caught out and feeding kills.
As for mid lane, I would say that your best bet would be to play a champion like Orianna. She is able to win her lane by playing passively and farming up while her passive scales with Ability Power and once you hit a two item power spike, you can really start dictating fights with your Shockwave ultimates. She doesn't have a hard counter and she can be used to buff your allies with shields if they get caught, stunned, or focused by the enemy team.
Soraka as a support is dangerous because she is the exact thing you are not looking for. She needs your team to protect her and peel for her in order for her to stay alive. A champion like Nautilus or Braum offer great protection/CC for your ADC, and synergize well into late game team fighting to make you an asset that isn't focused down easily. You could play Janna, as well, since she has a heal and disengage, but my favorite would be Morgana. She has a shield, a binding, and can do some damage later on that is unsuspecting. The enemy team doesn't see it, but you could be a late game carry once the laning phase is over.
Good luck on your climb.
