Is Icathia even an existing place?
That question sounds strange, but hear me out on this one.
Imagine a place that you could only reach if you knew how. You could walk the entire earth, and never find it. You know how and POOF! It's been there all along. It was not hidden, but simply not there before, becuase certain conditions were not met. As Icathia is part of the void, it wouldn't be wrong to assume that the city kinda "dropped out of existence" at some point, resulting in an existence BEYOND SPACE AND POSSIBLY EVEN TIME.
But how is this connected to Shurima? Well, there are two places in Runeterra we know they might be void related: The Howling Abyss with the Watchers and Icathia that is rumored to be somewhere hidden in the desert. And what do these places have in common? THEY ARE BOTH COLD AS FUCK. Sounds weird, but you have to keep in mind: At night the desert can reach really low temperatures, to the point where you can freeze to death.
This falls together with my theory that the Void is the clodest of all realms. Most Void creatures even mention that something like a sun doesn't exist there. And without a sun -> zero warmth. And for one realm and another to connect, the easiest way would be to make the realms similiar to each other, maming it easier to travel from one realm to another.
-> Following this theory Icathia could appear in any wide place that is cold enough for a passive Void incursion to manifest.
-> Result: Icathia is no longer bound to a single place anymore and could pop up everywhere the conditions are met. In the desert or in the high north. Or maybe even out in the sea, if you want to make it really look like something out of a lovecraft story. Or maybe if you manage to get a spell that freezes a whole area, you might make it appear right on top of Demacia. Implying there are no other conditions for it to appear either...
). Most likely it has a veil or it is in a different dimension, where passage into it comes in the form of tears in reality which can only be seen if you are enlightened enough to see them (enter Malzahar / Kassadin)