No, the game knows you disconnected (and your teammates would, too, since it announces it to them). While your teammates would be free to report you as intentionally feeding, the system would not flag a disconnect as intentional feeding.
If anything happens, it would come from LeaverBuster. If this is the first time you've left a game in quite a while (intentional or accidental, doesn't matter), the system usually is forgiving. This is to allow for the exact kind of scenario you ran into without punishment. But if you've left other games recently, or if you leave other games in the near-ish future, you may find yourself hit by a small punishment from LeaverBuster.