"Had an Udyr last game lock in jungle after I'd called it"
- He can play what he wants, period.
"but because me and our Malphite managed to carry the game and win"
- This is relevant because?
"he thought he'd get out without a report."
- See unless he was toxic in game, he can NOT be banned for picking something you didn't like.
"What with new draft pick being around for so long now"
- Not relevant, you are in blind que.
"does my report mean anything?"
- No, unless he was toxic in game.
"Hard to prove he stole a role if he wasn't assigned one to begin with"
- Again, this is not relevant as roles are meta and riot has said the meta isn't the law.
"and I'm not sure if pre-game chats are accessible."
- They are, all they will show is you calling a role then someone else wanting to play it, not toxic.
"It just kinda sucks thinking that he can do this whenever he wants and get away with it."
- Yeah, because its ALLOWED, unless he locked in AFTER you it can be argued YOU were toxic as he already picked a champion and job for the team and you are getting on him simply because he beat you to the punch.
Blind pick is basically first lock, first pick. It is the same as someone getting your primary in team builder, if they get it you can ask (call) for it but if they say no (have already picked) you are out of luck.