Never?
No.
Not Never.
There is nothing wrong with giving up on a game that is obviously lost, and that's where people need to learn to tell the difference between a hopeless game, and one that is still very much able to be won.
If the enemy team is pushing your base, and they have baron / Elder dragon, and Let's say, for example, Your support Janna is the only one up for 30 seconds, that's an acceptable time to pop a surrender vote and end it just a little bit sooner.
When 3 out of 5 of you die trying to stop a Baron, and the enemy has to go back before that final push, then No, You shouldn't surrender.
I get what your saying, I'm the same way. I hate when people just give up in ranked, especially after a fight goes badly for you, and they just start saying gg and trying to surrender every chance they get despite that the game is close.
But the thing that's more annoying than someone who gives up and wants to surrender every chance they get, in my opinion, is somebody who doesn't know when it's time. I'd rather not drag out something that could've been a 30 minute game while they were ahead by 25 kills for another 30 minutes and 25 more kills to my teams 5 in that time.
I guess what I really mean, is there is a time and place for that surrender.
If things really are bad, and the enemy team is clobbering your team every fight without your team managing to kill any of them, then yeah, it's probably fair not to drag out that game, even if a comeback could happen.
The reverse of that, is if few fights end badly for your team, you still maybe end up getting One or Two of them, or they need to base before doing something, then Yeah, No, Giving up isn't the answer.