He only relies on his team to protect him in so far as he doesn't really have escapes himself. Both adcs with escapes and those without should play safely though, with what qualifies as 'safely' depending on how fed you are, and all adcs are going to die promptly if they don't have a team peeling for them.
Kog is probably in the top 3 for being able to do damage safely though, due to the extra range on his w and the range on his ult. (Cait and ulting twitch being others. Honourable mention to late game trist.) If someone is able to diver you in the back and instakill you, playing a 'safer' adc isn't going to prevent that.
At the start, cling to the tower. As you get a farm lead or pick up a few kills, then you can venture out a little bit based on vision. As you pick up more kills/farm eventually you'll be able to 1v1 anyone, so you can split push until you don't have vision of two members. Eventually you'll get big enough that you can 2v1. More kills still, 3v1. etc.
Of course in practice usually theres someone getting fed on the enemy team that you need to be extra wary of, but no matter what adc you play, you should be playing safely. If you understand that, you can and will get fed in bronze, because other people in bronze do not understand that and get impatient trying to make something happen. And as an adc, getting fed means you can kill people and more importantly take down objectives. This is true regardless of if you're adc vayne, adc kog, or adc janna, since most adc's power comes primarily from their items rather than their abilities.