Alright, so first thing's first. Writing up a rant about a champion that only has a positive win rate once you get into plat or higher, why not ask how you can beat Pantheon? For one it makes you sound like a more mature rational person, rather than someone who just whines on the internet after having just lost a game, and for two, you might actually get information on how to beat the champion.
But, anyway, I'm bored, so, here's just how to beat the champion anyway.
For one, for some strange reason people think "outplay" only involves twitch reaction skills and dodging skill shots and the like. This is wrong, for so many reasons. And honestly, I think the steady shift this game has seen over the years to focus more on the dodging and whatnot is unfortunately promoting this misunderstanding of what outplay can mean.
Because you're right, you don't dodge a Pantheon. You really can't. You can, however, make him absolutely useless. Pantheon is countered by stacking armor, and health regen in lane. That's it. Get a Doran's Shield, put your Runes in armor, buy some cloth armor on your first back with a few pots and that should do it. If you really need to, upgrade it into chain vest or a glacial shroud. Your goal is to not die, and get CS. And thankfully, because Pantheon falls off ridiculously by late game, simply playing safe and playing smart means you're probably going to win. Literally any champion can do this. The reason why he still has an average win rate, is because for some insane reason people don't change their builds when facing different champions as much as they should. People expect to just dodge everything, and play fast dashing champions and that will carry them through.
No. That is hubris. That strategy doesn't (and probably shouldn't) work on everything. Know your opponent, and use your head. Pantheon has really obvious, really exploitable weakness that literally every champion in the game can use against him. Will getting early armor hurt your mid game? Yes.
But it will hurt the enemy Pantheon player more. And that's your goal. Starve him kills, and outgrow him.
After that, keep tabs on your enemy jungler because Pantheon sure as shit won't be able to kill you alone. And communicate with your team once he gets his ult.
Learn the game. That's how you improve.