What if Zed's ult had an energy cost?
I don't play Zed, nor do I struggle with him. He's either banned in my elo (g1), or I counter pick him with Malz. Either way, I realize he's an issue. Wouldn't this help balance him? I don't know what the energy cost should be, but perhaps it should limit the amount of abilities he could spam before ulting, as such a change might create counterplay via observational reactionary positioning.
Ie, if the Zed has been systematically clearing waves using a combo/single ability, one would be able to take note that he hasn't done so this wave, indicative that he may be consciously conserving his energy for an all-in. Thus, one may consider checking map for jungler positioning, popping potions, conserving mana/cooldowns, and/or backing as a pre-emptive reaction to the aforementioned scenario.
Or perhaps it could be made expensive enough to allow the use of two of his other three abilities within a 2 second window of opportunity immediately after ulting, with the third ability being available shortly thereafter (would require concise calculations regarding his energy pool/costs/regen and the scaling per level therein). This may (excluding reactionary energy-based rune pages[lolthat'scute]) encourage or even coerce Zed to do battle over a longer period of time.