Carrying is all about knowledge. You have to know what your character can do, and what all enemy and allied characters are capable of. Not just skills but also what each individual player is able to pull off.
Actions you can take to start carrying, however, depend on your lane. For top lane an early experience advantage is far more important than gold in many matchups. Once you have a level advantage you can zone your opponent from farm or force them to trade a significant portion of their health for a few minions. With smart wards you can do this for the entire laning phase and snowball yourself into being able to easily 2v1.
From your post it sounds more like you're talking about snowballing than actual carrying. You can lose a game after going 40/0 if you do nothing with your advantage. Use pings to get your team to rotate toward objectives, either in an effort to protect you and your damage or to use your split pushing as a distraction. Kills are fun, but taking towers and other objectives actually get you closer to ending the game in your favor. If your team listens to you and you make some smart calls you should find yourself with an easy win. Just keep in mind if your allies don't listen to you it's up to you to listen to them. Five people following a bad plan is typically better than four people following a bad plan with one person doing their own thing (unless solo pushing is part of the plan, distractions can be quite helpful).