People getting extremely fed also happens in higher elos. And you can lose games that way. But that wont always be the case. See all those diamond and challenger streamers. They will eventually get to their intended divisions, even if they lose games where their team feeds really hard and lose the game. People in lower elos, and sometimes in plat as well, dont understand 2 very important things. First, the game is not the laning phase, this is the phase where you are supposed to farm, but players will always try to go ham, ending in someone getting snowballed. You can see that difference, generally, if you compare the deaths in lanes pre 15 mins and without a jungler interference. In lower elos this number is pretty high while it gets lower the higher the division. And in higher divisions you can see that most early deaths are due to ganks. Second thing is that people dont understand that, while mechanics play a big role, game knowledge is also a big factor. And by game knowledge i mean lane management (wave management, cs denials, when to push, when to roam etc.), decision making, macro, warding, objective priority and control and even more things. While in every solo queue and every elo the teamwork is lacking, in lower elos this is even more prominent. And this can cause even seemingly lost games, especially in low elos, to turn around.
Here are 2 examples. A jungler ganks a lane at lvl5, kill the enemy or force them back. In low elos people will just go to do what they did previously, farm, jungle bla bla bla. In higher elos this means that for some time you have a man advantage and you will see the whole team trying to capitalize on it. Push the wave to get a turret, take dragon, deny jungle camps, deep ward etc. And as for losing games, lets say that you are in a losing game with the enemy team ahead. In lower elos, you will get a pick, engage and, after the enemy disengages, you will see people trying to to force and continue chasing, resulting in every single player doing so to get picked. In higher divisions you will see people trying to take objectives, instead.
they're going to just group and run you all over and finish.
From what ive seen, this doesnt really happen that much. In lower elos teams that get a lead will just stall and stall to take more kills and buff dem kdas, until the game gets even and they cant then win so easily. Unless, of course, the losing team does something extremely stupid, give an ace and the enemy just go to end. People in lower elos rarely know how to close games. And, trust me, grouping wont always work.
You can argue that you lose games because your team feeds extremely hard and you cant win solely on your mechanical skills. But think that: lets say that your mechanics are "diamond level" and you are in bronze. Each of your team-mates has a 50% chance to be better mechanically than their counterpart, while you are sitting on 90%, cause everyone can have some very bad games. This will give you a (90%+4*50)/5=58% chance to have an overall better team while your enemies are sitting on the rest 42% to have an overall better team. This also means that 90% of the time your team will have at least one winning lane, your lane, though this falls to 70% if you are bot lane. Though these maths are pretty crude but should give you the idea that you have a better chance of winning than losing. Though there is a part where these numbers become quite false. Its when one of those players also has game knowledge and knows how to, not only get a lead, but bring the lead to the other lanes and knows how to win, compared to the other team who doesnt know these things. You can think of it like a game of chess. The winning lanes are strong pieces and the losing lanes are weaker pieces and each team as a player. The one who knows better how to play will win even if he has all the weaker pieces, at least in most of the times.