What you seem to need is an AD caster, basically, you're more into champions that utilize their abilities for damage rather than their basic attacks. As such, the champions I think I'd suggest would be the following:
Jayce is an AD based champion where the majority of his damage comes from his abilities as well as amplifying his auto attacks. He's seen the nerf bat recently, but he's still a strong and completely viable champion with a bit of practice.
Pantheon is also AD based, needs to utilize his basic attacks, but like Jayce, the majority of the damage he puts out comes from abilities.
Renekton, like the next champion I'm also going to show you, is a resourceless AD champion that puts out a really substantial amount of damage through his abilities, auto attacks are mixed in of course, but as a whole, I'd say more damage comes from abilities. He's also a very strong lane bully and relatively easy to learn.
Riven, is pretty famous for being hated by everyone that has to play against her, she's resourceless like renekton, does substantial damage, but the interesting thing about her is that in order to play her effectively you need to find the proper balance between auto attacking and using your abilities. Her passive amplifies her auto attack by up to 50% of her AD. So her charged basic attacks deal 150% of AD per hit.
I'd say that Riven and Jayce are the two that will be more difficult to learn to use effectively. Renekton and Pantheon are rather easy. A lot of people will tell you that Riven is easy, and for the most part they're right, but to be a complete monster she's a bit more difficult to get going. When you're ready to start working on other AD champions I'd suggest looking into
These are all very strong champions, Darius has less of a place in ranked as all he does is damage while offering virtually zero utility other than his short range pull to keep people in a fight. People also dislike playing with him on their team because all his ultimate is good for is securing kills, and as a result people will just accuse you of stealing their kills, there's a fine line between securing and stealing kills, very few people actually get that. Furthermore Zed is a super strong assassin that deals a mix of damage between abilities and auto attacks, the majority coming from auto attacks so you can try him out a bit later, he can be rough when you're starting out, but when you get used to him he's a complete monster. Talon is a champion that I really never managed to get strong with, he's similar to Zed in that he has massive bursting potential, his damage is a bit more complicated in that you amplify basic attacks through abilities and additionally he does more damage to slowed targets. If you get Talon ahead he can blow up a squishy target before the enemy team has time to blink, it's not very fun to be against. In my opinion Talon is the most difficult champion I've mentioned, he's got the highest skill cap and is a real pain to actually learn to use well, but he's extremely strong against immobile mages, which are on the rise in popularity.