Can you get punished for dodging?

you have too much time on your hand to be waiting for those cooldown timers

5 min timer 10 min timer 20 min timer half hour timer than like a day

it depends what you mean by dodging. if you dodge in champ select you have to wait 6min (and lose 3lp if ranked) if you dodge again within 24h you have to wait 30min (and lose 10lp if ranked). you can reach as low as negative 100 lp.

otherwise nothing happens.

if you "dodge" ingame by just going afk you get a leavebuster you have to wait 5 min x 5 times to get into Q. next tier is 10 min x 5 times then 20 min x 5 times

tbh i heard that afking ALL THE TIME gets you banned but i never saw any case of this.