If the enemy team is intentionally not finishing the game so they can rack up kills, I will surrender, because that is just bad manners and I don't want to suffer through it.
Otherwise, I probably will not vote to surrender. If I don't vote at all, it is because I am busy trying to focus on playing the game, and i don't want the surrender vote to come up over and over again. I just click on it once and drag it off the screen so I can ignore it and try to win.
The only reason I can imagine someone would want voting to not be anonymous is so they can harass people. So, I think it is a terrible idea.
If someone thinks that the Expected Value (EV) of not surrendering is greater than the EV of surrendering, they should not surrender. The chance of winning if you surrender is of course zero, and the chance of winning if you don't surrender is greater than zero. Of course, if you are evaluating EV on the basis of wins/time rather than wins/game, it may make sense to surrender. But there are other things to take away from a game besides a win. If there is something that I think I can learn from continuing game, I will continue playing.