The trick behind it is to know when/why/how to apply lane pressure.
We'll start with the "when".
You can learn this during champ select. I assume you play mid lane, but this is really true for all roles. You simply look at matchups. There's a little check list you can go through to get a feel for how the game might go.
- Do you have a winning lane (pressure). This can mean you have a range advantage, better cooldowns, or higher trade damage/all-in threat.
- Do your teammates have pressure in their roles? The most important for you is jungle pressure and presence. (Does your jungle clear faster and get ganks of faster? Can your jungle fight and skirmish well? Can your jungle win 1v1's or 2v2's?)
- How likely can people collapse? This applies similar to number 2, but it's the broader version.
Say you have good matchups for all/most roles. This means you can play fairly aggressive in lane and have aggressive positioning. This means you can stand in or past the minion wave to harass the laner when they try to farm or just deny their cs entirely.
Once you get in game, you'll just need to do your best to adapt. Look at how your allies and enemies are playing. If your side lanes are losing, you have to respect the enemies if they go missing. Same thing applies to the jungler. If you don't have vision of them, play safer. If you think you're getting ganked or roamed on, play back. Just use abilities to farm and don't go aggressive if your laner starts playing up.
The easiest way to position in lane is to play towards your vision. If you have top river warded or your jungler is really close to that side, position closer to the top side of the lane. You can also play aorund your wave. If they walk up to last hit, hit the enemy with an ability and trade damage on them.
This was kinda rushed because I'm about to go to work, but feel free to respond if you have any questions and I'll check back when I get home.
Hope this helped!