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I don't see that. The only official rule for queue dodging is here, which doesn't mention leaverbuster:
https://support.riotgames.com/hc/en-us/articles/201751844-Queue-Dodging
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No system knows if you dodged because you didn't like your team comp, people are being rude in pre-game chat, or because something external happened to the game or computer/network.
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And you pay the penalty (in terms of being unable to queue for a time) for making others wait longer. If it wasn't permitted at all, the penalty would be harsher. If you're dodging frequently, the penalty ramps up. It sounds like a pretty fair system to me.
Are you suggesting the reason you won is because you dodged other matches? Then what's with the 1/11 win ratio as of right now? Was that because you didn't dodge? No, it's the result of playing the game. You win some and you lose some. If you only want to play with certain team comps, then TeamBuilder is great. If you want to play competitively in solo q, you play the best with what you have. If it's really bad, then I'll dodge too knowing/accepting the penalty for doing so. But that happens maybe once every 40-50 matches for me?
Lee/Kass/Fidd supp/whatever is pretty irrelevant in bronze. Teamwork and decision making trumps champ selection. Also, fidd supp is pretty easy in bronze...it's far harder to be useful at all in higher elo. In lower elo, just spam e and poke out of lane.
tldr; The system is working as intended by giving very minor but increasing penalties for actions that cause a poor experience on 9 other people trying to play the game.