Almost every damage mastery favors ranged

It's the unfortunate truth. Ranged champs have one of the greatest advantages to go along with their DPS: safety. All of this talk of new masteries (like fresh blood) is just resurfacing the long-standing fact how ranged champions have such a natural advantage over melee ones, without having to sacrifice much in other areas for it.

In almost every case, when a new item/mastery that offers damage is introduced, it will automatically favor ranged champions over melee ones, especially in laning phase (where the difference is most pronounced anyways).

We could say "just make it worse on ranged" for so many cases, but when that statement happens too much, all we are doing is piling on band-aids to fix a much larger problem. Melee champions need to at least be able to survive against ranged champions in the laning phase without being totally shut out.

No, I'm not sure how that looks like. Maybe specialized items or masteries need to be introduced. Maybe the base stats between ranged and Melee champs need to be looked at as a whole. I dunno. But there is a problem that has been around for a long time, and it needs to be handled if the game wants to free itself from the balance limitations of "well ranged will just abuse it"