You are the only constant in your games and on average, if your team has feeders, the other team will too. Not for the same game, but in some future or past game, the enemy team had feeders that fed like hell and you benefited, in return you have feeders on your team and you miss out. This will approximately average out eventually and your performance is the difference when you remove the average feeder % from both sides (if you were willing to go through the pain of actually calculating that out after defining what a feeder is to begin with).
This is also a game about objective play and snowballing advantages. Explain what you do with your 17/7 lead that does your team any good other than building more powerful items more quickly? Do you roam? Do you take towers, dragons, Rift Herald, etc. Do you flame your teammates for feeding causing them to tilt? Let me put it to you this way, the faster you start looking at your own mistakes and ignoring your allies', the faster you'll be able to climb simply because your own play will improve.
Note, this is all much more difficult in practice, but if you work at it, it will eventually become natural.