The real reason you can't climb
Here's the full, honest truth.
Until you get to D3, you're the only new player.
And the only unique players are the ones in Challenger and Master. Below that everyone is a smurf of one of those high elo players. Since they don't care too much about losing on these accounts, they single out players who they don't like from their Master elo games and ensuring that they don't climb. They also like picking on you, since you're the only new player and Riot will NOT take you seriously if you complain about the smurfs, feeders, and ragers.
That's Riot's real secret. You're being gatekept because what you think is your Gold 3 promos is really 6 Masters, 3 Challengers, and yourself. They like to pick on you because you're new, young and hopeful and they think it's absolutely hilarious to crush it right out of you while feeding into your paranoia about toxic players and trolls in your promos.
What's worse is sometimes, Riot loves to play along, and will intentionally match you with smurfs who are particularly sadistic and will be vile to you all game.
That's why you actually can't climb. Nope. Never. It's totally impossible. Even if you watch it on Twitch, it's all staged.