It really depends what you're going for. If you're missing out on farm, fear you will miss out on farm as the lane progresses, or are otherwise maxing E first, then grab the E augment nice and early. Use it sparingly, though, as it's pretty mana-intensive.
If you're top lane, I'd also advise getting the Q augment for speed ups. It's 100 MS per use for 2.5 seconds, and, often, I can go without buying boots for the entire game. :P
Lich Bane is a complimentary item. I wouldn't advise getting it until your core needs are dealt with (mr, armour, speed, AP, etc). Frozen Gauntlet, on the other hand, is an excellent early game buy. ESPECIALLY if you're maxing Q first. Late game, you can always switch it out for a lich bane if you feel like you're falling behind in damage.
Vik's augments rock, but until you're reaching higher levels, you're buying the utility - not the scaling AP. So unless you need the escape potential, or the wave clear, or the pull-in effect on your w, it is a mid-to-late game purchase.
Abyssal sceptre rocks
Archangel staff rocks
(but expect to feel a little glass canon-y)
You can really build Viktor in a variety of ways; and his high base damage and (eventually) low cooldowns means you can even go semi-tank, should you like.
He's pretty versatile. Albeit, kind've weak until he gets some levels in him.