Sadly I hit back button on my mouse so I lost how to win with every ADC vs Mao mid to late game, and how easy it to beat him.
So I will just list the 3 you have named.
Jinx - After Mao combo simply trap in the way you're going to kite, this way he cannot simply auto you down, given so you should be able to get out of his ult range at that, if he walks on trap simply auto him with mini-gun and he will be torn apart from her attack speed + damage.
Trist - Again after Mao combo, plant bomb on him auto him down with Trist's 110% attack speed buff, can Jump on him for extra damage/slow or kite him around all silly like with ult + jump
Kog - you simply have to Q him to remove 28% of his armor and MR, after that hit w and watch as he is dead in 2 seconds.
Sivir - I have done this fight a lot and never had tree man win. You can spell shield his Knock up if you're not fast with it. Really spell shielding his root will make Mao lose most of his damage as it is % based. After Mao combo simply attack, w, attack, q, attack him down. Can ult to build distance or in most 1vs1 cases chase him down as he tries to run.
For last part
All the ADCs you listed that do not lose to mao late game. Those ADC all attack stupid fast and most of them all build Hurricane so they're laying out nonstop aoe damage.
Yes he has CC but Kog, Trist, Jinx all have cc, while Trist and Sivir has stupid ability to kite others.
People always favor mobile adc picks simply because many of us are bad. So having a dash helps us be less bad hopefully. Though late game tanks are not going to be able to stand up to crit builds simply because every auto does way to much damage, and thronemail isn't enough damage(item needs to be buffed), Even if Maokai can do 1k burst damage that is not enough to kill an ADC late game, having 45%+ of an ADC damage turn into hp tanks lose all sights of killing the ADC. That is when their job is to simply CC the ADC in hopes that an assassin or some type of damage on their team can pick them off.