Something I didn't know about the new punishment system
Previously, though, those automated reports were simply escalated to be manually reviewed by the Player Support team, which could take significant time and effort in a game with 67 million players every month. The new system seems to remove that human review step from the process, allowing for nearly instant punishment.
It is the same system as the one we had before, just faster.
And unless my maths is wrong, 1 in 6000 false positives mean that out of everyone who plays once a month across all regions (67M), only ~100 will be punished falsely. These probably won't be permabans. It is more likely that the false positives will be on the mild end of the spectrum and so will receive the milder punishments.
For those who are interested, if we trust Riot that 1% of the community deserve escalated bans (remembered from the mystery gifts for al time period - 5% deserve chat bans/ranked restrictions, 1% escalation) then False positives is about equal to 67000000/100/6000=112.
112/67000000=0.0000017 or 0.00017% of the player base who will be incorrectly punished. That is incredibly low. Incredibly low. And these cases could probably be sorted out in a support ticket really easily.