I was in a similar situation to you, actually. I met a group of people while I was playing top. I was a mid main jg offrole at the time, but I wanted to try something different. Two of the three people would always want to play mid and jg, though, and that's not even counting me, but they were very fun to play with, so I tried ADC because I didn't like most of the toplaners at the time.
So I was trying to learn ADC, playing bot lane with the third member of the group, and two of the members were actually Gold, which I wasn't used to at the time. This friend helped me IMMENSELY, by not only carrying the lane like you said, but also pointing out fundamental flaws that I was making that sort of doomed me to not having fun from the very start. For reference, he was playing Janna, so he'd keep me from feeding while I tried to learn my new role.
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I never settled on a particular champion, I'd play Twitch, for example, have a bad game, and try a different ADC, have another bad game, rinse repeat. What this meant was I was never gaining any knowledge on how to play a champion because I was so spread out and never committing. Once I narrowed my champion pool to Tristana, Corki and Graves(he was a bot laner at the time) I started having more fun because I began learning the ins and outs of my champion.
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I'd focus far too heavily on kills. If you wanna just kick back and relax, but also not try hard and still win, farming is the BEST way to do it! He taught me about lane/wave management, and how if I couldn't safely harass them without missing a bunch of CS, then just don't. And he taught me to set the waves up so I could simply farm and scale into the game and win that way. Eventually I settled on Ezreal as my main, and he still is to this day, because his Q made it very easy for me to farm(which I also sucked at, just practice for a little while in a custom without even bots. It'll come naturally eventually, then you don't have to try very hard. Ezreal was also very safe because at the time, nothing really shut him down if he played the matchup right, so all I ever had to do was learn matchups. I find this holds mostly true today, with the exception of a couple ADCs who can stat check him and run him down at all stages of the game, but even then, you can set up a freeze when they inevitably push in.
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Most of the roster I was doomed to a bad game from the start with. This is because my positioning was god-awful. It's why I wasn't good at top, or most of my mid laners, or even most of the ADCs. They didn't have any escapes, and I was punished severely and died immediately, which leads to a snowball and then I can't do anything or learn because I'm too far behind with no safety net. Once I picked the safer ADCs with escapes, like the ones I mentioned, I began noticing improvements because I'd escape and learn from it and play not only the champion matchup, but also playing with the knowledge that I'm just not quite able to fight this person yet. Once I was able to play safer overall, my game knowledge improved because I could see the clear-cut weaknesses and strengths of this lane over that one and such and so forth, until my friend finally just started swapping supports around because I was ready to see different matchups. I didn't know what a lot of people's abilities really did, so my friend explained them all to me slowly and over time, that also increased my game knowledge.
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Defeatist attitude. I didn't really know how to play against certain matchups. One of the worst was Lucian when his range was higher, and worse yet, Lucian when his dash was pretty much never, ever down. I'd see a Lucian and immediately think "We've lost this", however, this is not the way to improve your baseline. One day, the enemy picked Ezreal and I didn't really know what to pick against it, so my friend told me to pick Lucian, and he picked Morgana so their support couldn't stop me from doing what I'd seen Lucians do to me many times, but the Ezreal actually managed to show me a few new things to try against Lucian. I still won lane, but not nearly as hard as I thought. From then on, I loved Lucian lanes because once I'd learned how to play against it even though it was an unfavorable matchup, I had a lot of fun against him seeing how far I'd come, and being able to actually win lanes against Lucians a lot of the time.
Eventually I did take this into ranked with me, as a 5 man Silver team, and my first game I had a massive success, but it was with the first 3 friends(Bronze, gold, and my support, who was now platinum) and another one of their friends, another gold. At the end of the game, I said "wow, that wasn't even fair, we had 2 golds and a plat, they shouldn't let you guys beat up on silvers like that" and someone mentioned they were actually all Plat. The next game we even went against 3 diamonds and 2 plats and we didn't even lose that bad. I had never even realised just by gaining some knowledge on the game by playing it more and focusing on a small group of champions that I had improved my play so drastically from me thinking I was silver at best to actually getting fed all on my own against a platinum in a matchup I wasn't comfortable with.
TL;DR Get good at farming so it's second nature, expand your game knowledge so you're just aware of what everyone is capable of, focus on a few champions so you know what YOU'RE capable of with no hesitation or uncertainty, and honestly, don't give up. It's not really a lost game if you learn something new for next time. Once it's all second nature, it'll be much easier. And lastly, even if it's you losing, it's okay. You can learn from it, just make a mental note every time you do it to stop doing it. Eventually you'll just avoid it by knowing, and won't put yourself in a spot where you feel like you can't win. For example, I wasn't sure on how to do Alistar combo at first, and had to focus on just the timing and would ignore voice chat almost. But the other day, I was talking to my friend, deep in conversation, as we were taking tier 2 mid tower, I'm not even paying attention to the game really, then my friend stopped talking just to say "holy shit that was awesome dude, i thought you don't even play alistar" and I had no idea what he was talking about. Turns out, there was an enemy Vi, low health trying to run away from the tier 2 tower defense, and I flashed in front of the Q she was trying to use to escape, then combo'd 3 of them under their tower and killed their mid laner who had split from the other 3 while my team followed up on the 3 who were knocked up already. Not trying to toot my own horn, or ding my own cowbell, as it were, but I'm just trying to give you an example of how much improving basic game knowledge and sticking to a few select champs can IMMENSELY improve your game.
P.S. Sorry for the wall, played Taliyah earlier. qB^)
