Different players have different ideas about what is best. Subjectively some players want to penalize those who surrender and other players want to penalize those who don't surrender. That comes down to what side of the camp you are on so to speak.
Each side finds that the other is wasting their time and space and this is why each side feels justified in advocating a penalty for the other side. If you vote NO it means you are wasting the time of players that want to surrender because those players would rather start a new game or do something else than fight what they perceive to be a lost cause. But on the other side of it, if you start a surrender vote, then you are wasting the time of players that want to continue to play the game, because they will have to go through queue again just to find another game to play. Either way there is a waste of time.
There is another metric: RIOT favors the players that want to continue to play the game, not the ones that want to leave the game. This is why there is a minimum time before surrender votes start. RIOT doesn't want players queuing up for games if those players aren't actually interested in playing.
For example, if a player is saying, "I'm bored, I don't want to play anymore" but turns around and queues for another game after surrender vote goes through. It means there is a mismatch between the player's intention to play the game and his commitment to playing a game. In general, that's not an attitude RIOT wants to reward.
The same goes for dodging queue. Players that want to queue for games but not commit to playing them after they reach champion select are punished. Players that pick off-meta don't lose LP because another player dodges their game. Some players don't like off-meta picks, but it isn't about subjective player evaluations. It's about what's best for the game from a larger perspective. And what's best for the game from a larger perspective is rewarding players with an interest in playing.