Simply by winning regardless of what your rank says. For example you could get more wins than losses now and still end up dropping to zero points, but your real rating is going up regardless of what those points show. And if the system is anything like it used to be (which it probably is) you get extra MMR for large winning streaks.
That didn't exist before in the old (season 2) Elo system where it was flat gains and losses, no leeway or bonuses for winning streaks. That was a much more frustrating system. Let's put it this way, by that system the bottom rating for Bronze 5 should be 850 (though it can go straight to 0 since there is nothing to get demoted to from B5). You're in Bronze 4 right now, yet your Elo/MMR is probably lower than 850, the base amount for Bronze 5. See the problem? That's why you lose so much LP per loss and gain few per win.
As for frustration, just play and ignore your rank, so long as you stop and ask yourself what you did wrong each game you will improve. Which leads me to my next point... for the record you are doing just about everything in this game wrong and you just keep doing it the same way. There is literally nothing you are doing right, I don't even know where to begin or how to help you since there is literally everything to cover and it would take an eternity. But if you have some friends who play who are higher Elo ask them to get you started.