Playing as Talon versus zeds there's a pattern I've noticed. I've been able to outplay zeds who simply even try to last hit. It let's me throw in Rake and instantly follow up with Noxian Diplomacy. All I need to do then is auto and get both the TLD and Passive proc. This is at level 2. All I'd need is ignite and hey presto First Blood.
The best way to stay alive is to just play safe. Wait for the Talon to make mistakes, and abuse the time when his Rake is on cooldown (9 seconds after used) try and draw out the rake before committing to anything, or ask your jungler to help if they're nearby. Talon also doesn't need to use his E during the early, so it frees up a slot for level 3/4 into his Q or W, so it gives him more damage potential very early.
Play safe. Use your shadows to last hit / farm until you're at a level at which you can beat Talon. Roam if you need to.