If you beat Vlad early, and I mean beat him down good in lane, there's no way he should come back unless YOU let him comeback. As a Vladimir main I played a game recently against a stacked team of Diamonds in teambuilder, their shaco literally camped me for the first 6 minutes of the game. As soon as I got back to lane to CS I was already getting ganked, wound up going 1-5 or something like that, and was set really far behind. Thing is, I roamed botlane, got a double kill, and came back with Ionians+Wota and became really strong.
You have to understand and respect champions powerspikes, level 9 is a big one for vlad, as well as finishing WOTA and having a good bit of CDR. It doesn't matter if he's already behind you at that point, that is where he gets a NOTICEABLE spike in damage/efficiency, if you don't care to respect that Vlad will always have an easy time bouncing back.
Also you seem to be complaining a lot about the fact that he gets loads of free health, meanwhile ANY good mage that can utilitze Liandries will dumpster him constantly. Azir does very well against Vladimir. Laning phase is sketchy because with enough MS Vlad can bypass his Q for harass, but after that Azir has enough CDR and damage to put a dent in him. Brand shits on Vlad hands down. Only way Vlad wins is if Brand misses something vital or gets outplayed, even then his passive combined with Liandries (not even including Rylai's) means you only have to hit Conflagrate to do a ton of damage.
There are a lot of ways to stop and work around Vlad, I will agree though, as a Vlad player he can be very obnoxious especially if he gets ahead in the slightest, but his early game is delicate and you must abuse his cooldown windows before he caps out on CDR. All in him, Vlad loves short trades, you need to be in his face blowing him up whenever possible, do not let the pressure down.